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ILMU SOSIAL DASAR SEBAGAI SALAH SATU MKDU

ILMU SOSIAL DASAR SEBAGAI SALAH SATU MKDU

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ILMU SOSIAL DASAR SEBAGAI SALAH SATU MKDU


A. ILMU SOSIAL DASAR SEBAGAI SALAH SATU MKDU

1)  PENGERTIAN ISD (ILMU SOSIAL DASAR)
ISD (ilmu Sosial Dasar) adalah pengetahuan yg menelaah masalah-masalah sosial, khususnya masalah yg ditimbulkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, dengan menggunakan teori-teori (fakta, konsep, teori) yg berasal dari berbagai bidang pengetahuan keahlian dalam lapangan ilmu sosial (seperti Geografi Sosial, Sosiologi, Antropologi Sosial, Ilmu Politik, Ekonomi, Psikologi Sosial dan Sejarah).

ISD (Ilmu Sosial Dasar) yang menjadi mata kuliah soft skill ini merupakan salah satu usaha yang diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan umum dan pengetahuan dasar tentang konsep konsep yang dikembangkan untuk melengkapi gejala-gejala sosial agar daya tanggap, persepsi, dan penalaran mahasiswa dalam menghadapi lingkungan sosial dapat ditingkatkan. sehingga kepekaan mahasiswa pada lingkungan sosialnya menjadi lebih besar.

2)      TUJUAN ISD
ISD membantu perkembangan wawasan penalaran dan kepribadian mahasiswa agar memperoleh wawasan yg lebih luas dan ciri-ciri kepribadian yg diharapkan dari sikap mahasiswa, khususnya berkenaan dengan sikap dan tingkah laku manusia dalam menghadapi manusia lain, serta sikap dan tingkah laku manusia-manusia lain terhadap manusia yg bersangkutan secara timbal balik. Selain itu dapat memahami dan menyadari adanya kenyataan-kenyataan sosial beserta masalah yang ada dalam masyatakat. Dengan adanya kepekaan manusia terhadap masalah-masalah sosial , manusia akan menyadari bahwa setiap masalah sosial yang timbul dalam masyarakat selalu bersifat kompleks , sehingga manusia dapat memahami dan menanggulangi masalah sosial itu sendiri.

3) KELOMPOK ILMU PENGETAHUAN
a). Ilmu-ilmu Alamiah ( natural scince )
Ilmu-ilmu alamiah bertujuan mengetahui keteraturan-keteraturan yang terdapat dalam alam semesta. Untuk mengkaji hal ini digunakan metode ilmiah. Caranya ialah dengan menentukan hokum yang berlaku mengenai keteraturan-keteraturan itu, lalu dibuat analisis untuk menentukan suatu kualitas. Hasil analisis ini kemudian digeneralisasikan. Atas dasar ini lalu dibuat prediksi. Hasil penelitian 100 5 benar dan 100 5 salah.
b). Ilmu-ilmu sosial ( social scince )
Ilmu-ilmu sosial bertujuan untuk mengkaji keteraturan-keteraturan yang terdapat dalam hubungan antara manusia. Untuk mengkaji hal ini digunakan metode ilmiah sebagai pinjaman dari ilmu-ilmu alamiah. Tapi hasil penelitiannya tidak 100% benar, hanya mendekati kebenaran. Sebabnya ialah keteraturan dalam hubungan antara manusia initidak dapat berubah dari saat ke saat.
C). Pengetahuan budaya ( the humanities )
Bertujuan untuk memahami dan mencari arti kenyataan-kenyataan yang bersifat manusiawi. Untuk mengkaji hal ini digunakan metode pengungkapan peristiwa-peristiwa dan kenyataan-kenyataan yang bersifat unik, kemudian diberi arti.

B.  ISD DAN IPS

1)  Perbedaan ISD dan IPS
Adapun perbedaan antara keduanya adalah :
· Ilmu Sosial Dasar diberikan di Perguruan Tinggi, sedang Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial diberikan di Sekolah Dasar dan Sekolah Lanjutan.
· Ilmu Sosial Dasar merupakan satu matakuliah tunggal, sedang Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial merupakan kelompok dari sejumlah mata pelajaran (untuk sekolah lanjutan).
· Ilmu Sosial Dasar diarahkan kepada pembentukan sikap dan kepribadian, sedang Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial diarahkan kepada pembentukan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan intelektual.

2)   Persamaan ISD dan IPS
Adapun persamaan antara keduanya adalah :
· Kedua-duanya merupakan bahan studi untuk kepentingan program pendidikan/pengajaran.
· Keduanya bukan disiplin ilmu yang berdiri sendiri.
· Keduanya mempunyai materi yang terdiri dari kenyataan sosial dan masalah sosial.

C.  RUANG LINGKUP STUDI ISD
ISD meliputi dua kelompok utama; studi manusia dan masyarakat dan studi lembaga2 sosial. Yg terutama terdiri atas psikologi, sosiologi, dan antropologi, sedang yg kemudian terdiri atas ekonomi dan politik.
Sasaran STUDI ISD adalah aspek2 yg paling dasar yg ada dalam kehidupan manusia sebagai makhluk sosial dan masalah2 yg terwujud dari padanya.
Adapun tiga golongan bahan pelajaran ISD :
1. Kenyataan masalah dalam masyarakat, yang secara bersama-sama merupakan masalah social tertentu.
2. Konsep-konsep social tentang kenyataan social berbatasan dengan konsep dasar atau elemnter saja yang diperlukan untuk mempelajari masalah social yang di tuangkan dalam Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
3. Masalah-masalah yang muncul di dalam masyarakat, biasanya terlibat dalam berbagai kenyataan-kenyataan social yang antara yang satu dengan yang lainnya berbeda

SUMBER :
http://www.viranisaamalia.co.cc/2011/11/bab-1
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It's possible to trade profitably on the Forex, the nearly $2 trillion worldwide currency exchange market. But the odds are against you, even more so if you don't prepare and plan your trades. According to a 2014 Bloomberg report, several analyses of retail Forex trading, including one by the National Futures Association (NFA), the industry's regulatory body, concluded that more than two out of three Forex traders lose money. This suggests that self-education and caution are recommended. Here are some approaches that may improve your odds of taking a profit. Prepare Before You Begin Trading Because the Forex market is highly leveraged -- as much as 50 to 1 -- it can have the same appeal as buying a lottery ticket: some small chance of making a killing. This, however, isn't trading; it's gambling, with the odds long against you. A better way of entering the Forex market is to carefully prepare. Beginning with a practice account is helpful and risk-free. While you're trading in your practice account, read the most frequently recommended Forex trading books, among them Currency Forecasting: A Guide to Fundamental and Technical Models of Exchange Rate Determination, by Michael R. Rosenberg is short, not too sweet and highly admired introduction to the Forex market. Forex Strategies: Best Forex Strategies for High Profits and Reduced Risk, by Matthew Maybury is an excellent introduction to Forex trading. The Little Book of Currency Trading: How to Make Big Profits in the World of Forex, by Kathy Lien is another concise introduction that has stood the test of time. All three are available on Amazon. Rosenberg's book, unfortunately, is pricey, but it's widely available in public libraries. "Trading in the Zone: Master the Market with Confidence, Discipline and a Winning Attitude," by Mark Douglas is another good book that's available on Amazon, and, again, somewhat pricey, although the Kindle edition is not. Use the information gained from your reading to plan your trades before plunging in. The more you change your plan, the more you end up in trouble and the less likely that elusive forex profit will end up in your pocket. Diversify and Limit Your Risks Two strategies that belong in every trader's arsenal are: Diversification: Traders who execute many small traders, particularly in different markets where the correlation between markets is low, have a better chance of making a profit. Putting all your money in one big trade is always a bad idea. Familiarize yourself with ways guaranteeing a profit on an already profitable order, such as a trailing stop, and of limiting losses using stop and limit orders. These strategies and more are covered in the recommended books. Novice traders often make the mistake of concentrating on how to win; it's even more important to understand how to limit your losses. Be Patient Forex traders, particularly beginners, are prone to getting nervous if a trade does not go their way immediately, or if the trade goes into a little profit they get itchy to pull the plug and walk away with a small profit that could have been a significant profit with little downside risk using appropriate risk reduction strategies. In "On Any Given Sunday," Al Pacino reminds us that "football is a game of inches." That's a winning attitude in the Forex market as well. Remember that you are going to win some trades and lose others. Take satisfaction in the accumulation of a few more wins than losses. Over time, that could make you rich!
No car insurance resource would be complete without a comprehensive glossary of car insurance terms. We've compiled a list of terms and their definitions to better help you navigate the sometimes confusing world of insurance Accident - This is an unexpected sudden event that causes property damage to an automobile or bodily injury to a person. The event may be an at-fault or not-at fault and it may be report or unreported. An accident involving two vehicles may be termed a collision. Accident report form - This is the report filed by police, often called the police report, containing the important information regarding the vehicle collision. This report will include the names of all individuals involved, vehicles involved, property damaged and citations that were issued. Adjuster - This is the person who will evaluate the actual loss reported on the policy after an accident or other incident. 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Auto Insurance policies include a wide range of coverage's depending on the policy holders needs. Liability for property damage and bodily injury, uninsured motorist, medical payments, comprehensive, and collision are some of the common coverage's offered under an auto insurance policy. Binder - This is a temporary short-term policy agreement put in place while a formal permanent policy is put into place or delivered. Bodily Injury Liability - This is the section of an insurance policy that covers the cost to anyone you may injure. It can include lost wages and medical expenses. Broker - This is a licensed individual who on your behalf sells and services various insurance policies. Claim - This is a formal notice made to your insurance company that a loss has occurred which may be covered under the terms of the auto insurance policy. Claims Adjuster - This person employed by the insurance agency will investigate and settle all claims and losses. A representative for the insurance agency to verify and ensure all parties involved with the loss, get compensated fairly and correctly. Collision - The portion of the insurance policy that covers damage to your vehicle from hitting another object. Objects can include but are not limited to; another vehicle, a building, curbs, guard rail, tree, telephone pole or fence. A deductible will apply. Your insurance company will go after the other parties insurance policy for these cost should they be at fault. Commission - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that is paid to the insurance agent for selling and servicing the policy on behalf of the company. Comprehensive - This is a portion of the insurance policy that covers loss caused by anything other than a collision or running into another object. A deductible will apply. 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If you are sued and taken to court, liability coverage will apply to your legal costs that you incur. Most states will require drivers to carry some variation of liability coverage Insurance and this amount will vary state by state. Limits - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that explains and lists the monetary limits the insurance company will pay out. In the situation you reach these limits the policy holder will be responsible for all other expenses. Medical Payments Coverage - This is the portion of an auto insurance policy that pays for medical expenses and lost wages to you and any passengers in your vehicle after an accident. It is also known as personal injury protection or PIP. Motor Vehicle Report - The motor vehicle report or MVR is a record issued by the state in which the policy holder resides in that will list the licensing status, any traffic violations, various suspensions and./ or refractions on your record. This is one of the tools used in determining the premium prices offered by the insurance agency. This is also used to determine the probability of you having a claim during your policy period. No-Fault Insurance - If you reside within a state with no-fault insurance laws and regulations, your auto insurance policy pays for your injuries no matter who caused the accident. No-fault insurance states include; Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Utah and Washington, DC.. Non-Renewal - This is the termination of an auto insurance policy on the given expiration date. All coverage will cease as of this date and insurer will be released of promised coverage. Personal Property Liability - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that covers any damage or loss you cause to another person's personal property. 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This is portion of the policy can vary state by state as some states include damage to the car in this section. Uninsured Driver or Motorist - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy which covers injuries to you caused by a driver who was without liability insurance at the time of the accident. Uninsured driver or motorist coverage comes in two different sections; uninsured motorist bodily injury and uninsured motorist property damage. Uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage covers the injuries to you or any passenger in your vehicle when there is an accident with an uninsured driver. Uninsured motorist property damage coverage covers the cost for the property damage to your vehicle when there is an accident with an identified uninsured driver. Uninsured driver or motorist coverage must be offered when you purchase the required liability coverage for your vehicle. You must sign a declination waiver if you decline Uninsured driver or motorist coverage. The majority of states require drivers to carry some form of uninsured motorist coverage. Some states include damages to your car in this coverage. Vehicle Identification Number or VIN - A VIN is a 17 letter and number combination that is the identification of the specific vehicle. It will identify the make, modem and year of the automobile. This number is typically located on the driver's side window on the dash. It can also be found on the vehicles registration and title