Laporan Akhir Lab TI Perancangan & Analisis Algoritma Pertemuan 4 Algoritma BFS dan DFS

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Listing Program

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int q[20],top=-1,front=-1,rear=-1,a[20][20],vis[20],stack[20];
int del();
void add(int item);
void bfs(int s, int n);
void dfs(int s, int n);
void push(int item);
int pop();
main(){
int n,i,s,ch,j;
clrscr();
printf("masukkan angka ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
printf("masukkan %d jika mempunyai simpul %d selain itu 0",i,j);
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("matriks adjasensi\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
a:
vis[i]=0;
printf("\nmenu");
printf("\n1. bfs");
printf("\n2. dfs");
printf("\npilihan:");
scanf("%d",&ch);
printf("\nmasukan simpul sumber:");
scanf("%d",&s);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:bfs(s,n);
goto a ;
case 2:dfs(s,n);
goto a ;
case 3:
break;
}
return(0);
}

void bfs(int s,int n){
int p,i;
add(s);
vis[s]=1;
p=del();
if(p!=0)
printf("%d ",p);
while(p!=0){
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if((a[p][i]!=0)&&(vis[i]==0)){
add(i);
vis[i]=1;
}
p=del();
if(p!=0)
printf("%d ",p);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if (vis[i]==0)
bfs(i,n);
}
void add(int item){
if (rear==19)
printf("antrian full");
else
if (rear==-1){
q[++rear]=item;
front++;
}
else
q[++rear]=item;
}
int del(){
int k;
if((front>rear)||(front==-1))
return(0);
else {
k=q[front++];
return(k); } }
void dfs(int s, int n){
int i,k;
push(s);
vis[s]=1;
k=pop();
if(k!=0)
printf("%d ",k);
while(k!=0){
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if((a[k][i]!=0)&&(vis[i]==0)){
push(i);
vis[i]=1;
}
k=pop();
if (k!=0)
printf("%d ",k);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if (vis[i]==0)
dfs(i,n); }
void push(int item) {
if(top==19)
printf("stack overflow");
else
stack[++top]=item;
}
int pop() {
int k;
if (top==-1)
return(0);
else {
k=stack[top--];
return(k); }}



Logika Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan sebagai standard library yang berfungsi untuk I/O  package. Maksudnya agar pada program kita menggunakan fungsi standard input atau output bisa dikatakan seperti portable input/output package. Tanpa menggunakan library ini, kita tidak bisa menggunakan perintah-perintah input/output pada program kita. library pada C yang digunakan untuk mengkoneksikan pernyataan clrscr() dengan program yang kita buat.

void add(int item);

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk mendefinisikan prosedur antrian penuh.

void bfs(int s, int n);
void dfs(int s, int n);

Fungsi perintah piatas digunakan untuk perhitungan bfs dan perhitungan dfs.

void push(int item);

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk jika terjadi kelebihan data .

main() {

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk prosedur utama dalam program.

clrscr();

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk membersihkan layar ketika program dieksekusi.

int n,i,s,ch,j;

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk mendeklarasikan variable n, i, s, ch dan j yang bertipe data integer (bilangan bulat).

printf("matriks adjasensi\n ");

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk mencetak tulisan matriks adjasensi. Pernyataan \n digunakan agar tulisan utama yang dicetak ada jedanya (enter) pada saat program dieksekusi.


scanf("%d",&n);

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk menyimpan angka yang kita input ketika program dieksekusi. Disini terdapat %d yang mengartikan data inputan akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk decimal.

switch(ch){

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk kondisi percabangan.

case 1:bfs(s,n);

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk pilihan pertama dari percabangan, dimana program akan mengeksekusi blok procedure bfs.

case 2:dfs(s,n);

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk pilihan kedua dari percabangan, dimana program akan mengeksekusi blok procedure dfs.

case 3: break;  }

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk pilihan ketiga jika angka yang kita masukkan bukan 1 atau 2, maka program akan berhenti mengeksekusi.

return(0); }

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk mengambil data masukkan untuk melanjutkan eksekusi ke baris program berikutnya.

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)    {

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk kondisi perulangan, dimana mengeksekusi dimulai dari bilangan 1, program akan berhenti mengeksekusi jika variable i telah lebih besar daripada variable n, dan variable i akan bertambah satu setiap terjadi perulangan.

if(p!=0)

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk kondisi percabangan jika hasil bagi variable p tidak sama dengan 0.

getch();

Fungsi perintah diatas digunakan untuk membaca sebuah karakter, menampilkan karakter dari tombol yang ditekan, dan menunggu sembarang tombol ditekan.


BFS dan DFS merupakan jenis dari metode pencarian solusi. BFS merupakan metode pencarian solusi dimana semua node pada level n akan dikunjungi terlebih dahulu sebelum mengunjungi node-node pada level n+1. Pencarian dimulai dari node akar terus ke level 1 dari kiri ke kanan, kemudian berpindah ke level berikutnya dari kiri ke kanan hingga solusi ditemukan. DFS merupakan metode pencarian solusi dimana Proses pencarian dilakukan pada semua anaknya sebelum dilakukan pencarian ke node-node yang selevel. Pencarian dimulai dari node akar ke level yang lebih tinggi. Proses ini diulangi terus hingga ditemukannya solusi.

Dalam program ini, kita akan membuat pencarian BFS dan DFS dengan bantuan matriks. Program akan meminta inputan ordo dari matriks. Jika angka 2 dimasukkan, maka program akan memproses matriks 2 X 2. Setelah memasukan 2, maka program akan meminta elemen dari matriks tersebut, apabila kita memasukan 1 2 3 dan 4, program akan berlanjut pada proses percabangan, apakah akan memilih menu DFS atau BFS, ketika kita memilih DFS, program akan meminta simpul sumber, simpul sumber ini merupakan solusi yang akan dicari, ketika kita memasukan angka 2, maka yang tercetak 1 dan 2, secara BFS pun demikian, namun apabila kita memasukan angka 1, maka program tak akan memproses, ini dikarenakan program tidak menemukan solusi karena kita memasukan angka 2.


Output




Laporan Akhir Lab TI Perancangan & Analisis Algoritma Pertemuan 3 Algoritma Brute Force

Admin 8:03 PM Add Comment
Listing Program

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void prima(){
            int bil,j;
            printf("\n\t\tPencarian Bilangan Prima\n\n\n");
            printf("Masukan Bilangan Yang Ingin Diinput : ");
            scanf("%d",&bil);
            for(j=2;j<=bil;j++){
                        if((j%2>0)&&(j%3>0)&&(j%5>0)&&(j%7>0)||
                        (j==2)||(j==3)||(j==5)||(j==7))
                        printf("%i ",j);}
                        getch();
            }
void faktorial(){
            int hasil=1,i,bil;
            printf("\n\t\tPencarian Bilangan Faktorial\n\n");
            printf("Masukan Jumlah Faktorial Yang Ingin Diinput : ");
            scanf("%d",&bil);
            printf("\nAngka Faktorial : ");
            for(i=1;i<=bil;i++){
                        printf(" %d",i);
                        hasil=i*hasil;
                        }
            printf("\n\n\nJumlah Hasil Perkaliannya Adalah = %d",hasil);
}
main(){
            int pilihan;
            printf("\t\t\tMasukan Menu Pilihan Anda\n\n");
            printf("1. Bilangan Prima\n\n");
            printf("2. Bilangan Faktorialnya\n\n");
            printf("Masukan Nomor Pilihan : ");
            scanf("%i",&pilihan);
            switch(pilihan){
                        case 1:
                                    prima();
                                    break;
                        case 2:
                                    faktorial();
                                    break;
                        default:
                                    printf("Pilihan Tidak Tersedia");
                                    break;
                        }
            }



Logika Program

#include<stdio.h>
Dalam c++ jika kita menginginkan penggunaan input dan output, atau bisa diartikan sebagai standard library yang berfungsi untuk I/O  package maksudnya digunakan jika kita ingin pada program kita menggunakan fungsi standard input atau output bisa dikatakan seperti portable input/output package. Tanpa menggunakan library ini, kita tidak bisa menggunakan perintah-perintah input/output pada program kita.
#include<conio.h>
Pernyataan conio.h adalah library pada C yang digunakan untuk mengkoneksikan pernyataan clrscr() dengan program yang kita buat. Tanpa menggunakan library ini, kita tidak bisa menggunakan fungsi prototype seperti: gotoxy(), clrscr(), clreol(). Dan juga file header ini berfungsi untuk menampilkan hasil antarmuka kepada pengguna.
void prima(){
int bil,j;

Fungsi perintah diatas mendeklarasikan method bilangan prima yang bersifat void dan mendeklarasikan variable bilangan dan j memiliki tipe data integer.
printf("\n\t\tPencarian Bilangan Prima\n\n\n");
printf("Masukan Bilangan Yang Ingin Diinput : ");
scanf("%d",&bil);

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk menampilkan beberapa teks pada perintah printf atau cetak dan membuat perintah untuk menginput nilai yang diinputkan oleh user sendiri ke dalam variable bil.
for(j=2;j<=bil;j++){

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk melakukan perulangan pada variable j dengan kondisi nilai awalnya 2, nilai variable j lebih kecil dari nilai variable bil, dan j adalah increment.

if((j%2>0)&&(j%3>0)&&(j%5>0)&&(j%7>0)||
(j==2)||(j==3)||(j==5)||(j==7))
printf("%i ",j);}
getch();
}

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk percabangan maka jika nilai j mod 2 lebih besar dari 0 dan nilai j mod 3 lebih besar dari 0 dan nilai j mod 5 lebih besar dari 0 dan nilai j mod 7 lebih besar dari 0 atau nilai j sama dengan 2 atau nilai j sama dengan 3 atau nilai j sama dengan 5 atau nilai j sama dengan 7 lalu menampilkan nilai j. Dan jika menekan tombol enter maka akan kembali ke method utama.

void faktorial(){
int i,j,temp,n,bil[100];
int hasil=1,i,bil;

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk mendeklarasikan method faktorial yang bersifat void dan mendeklarasikan variable hasil=1,i,bil yang bertipe data integer.

printf ("\n \t\Pencarian Bilangan Faktorial \n \n" );
printf ("Masukkan Jumlah Faktorial Yang ingin Diinput: " );
scanf ("%d",&bil);

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk mencetak tulisan yang berada didalam kurung setelah perintah printf, memberi perintah input yang dilakukan oleh user sendiri, dan memasukan nilai yang akan diinputkan ke dalam nilai variabel bil.

printf("\nAngka Faktorial : ");
for(i=1;i<bil;i++){
printf(" %d",i);
hasil=i*hasil;
}
}
printf("\n\n\nJumlah Hasil Perkaliannya Adalah = %d",hasil);
}

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk mencetak tulisan yang ada pada tanda kurung setelah printah printf, perulangan pada variabel i dengan kondisi nilai awal i yaitu 1, nilai i lebih kecil dari bil, nilai i increment lalu mencetak nilai i, hasil yang dikeluarkan dari hasil perhitungan i*hasil setalah itu mencetak teks yang ada didalam kurung dengan mencetak hasil yang telah diinputkan dari perhitungan hasil pada kodingan sebelumnya.

main(){
int pilihan;

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk mengawali program method utama dan mendeklarasikan variabel pilihan yang menggunakan tipe data integer

printf("\t\t\tMasukan Menu Pilihan Anda\n\n");
printf("1. Bilangan Prima\n\n");
printf("2. Bilangan Faktorialnya\n\n");
printf("Masukan Nomor Pilihan : ");
scanf("%i",&pilihan);

Fungsi diatas adalah untuk menampilkan beberapa teks yang ada pada kodingan tersebut dan scanf untuk memberikan perintah input data yang dilakukan oleh user sendiri dan diinputkan kedalam nilai variable pilihan

switch(pilihan){
case 1:
prima();
break;
case 2:
faktorial();
break;
default:
printf("Pilihan Tidak Tersedia");
break;
}
}


Fungsi diatas  yaitu perintah switch case yang terdiri dari 3 pilihan, jika memilih case 1 maka akan memanggil method prima, kemudian jika memilih case 2 maka akan memanggil method factorial, dan jika tidak memilih salah satu dari pilihan case tersebut maka akan mencetak teks ”Pilihan Tidak Tersedia”. Fungsi dari break untuk menghentikan perintah dari switch atau menghentikan suatu loop.


Output


Laporan Akhir Lab TI Perancangan & Analisis Algoritma Pertemuan 2 Divide and Conquer

Admin 7:58 PM Add Comment
Listing Program

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int a[100];
int max,min;
void maxmin(int i, int j){
     int max1,min1,mid;
     if(i==j) {
              max=min=a[i]; }
              else if(i==j-1) {
                   if(a[i] > a[j]) {
                           max=a[i];
                           min=a[j];}
                                                                           else {max=a[j];
                                                                           min=a[i];}}
                           else {mid = (i+j)/2;
                           maxmin(i,mid);
                           max1 = max;
                           min1 = min;
                           maxmin(mid+1,j);
                           if(max < max1)
                           max = max1;
                           if(min > min1)
                           min = min1;
                           }}
int main(){
    int i,num;
    printf("\n\t\t\tMaximum Dengan Minimum\n\n");
    printf("Masukan Banyak Angka: ");
    scanf("%i", &num);
    printf("\nMasukan Angka-Angkanya: \n");
    for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
             scanf("%i", &a[i]);
             }
             printf("\nAngka-Angkanya adalah: \n");
             for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
                      printf("%i", a[i]);
                      }
                      max = a[0];
                      min = a[0];
                      maxmin(0,num-1);
                      printf("\n\nMaksimum Angka: %i\n", max);
                      printf("Minimum Angka: %i", min);
                      getch();
                      return 0;
                      }




Logika Program

Pada pertemuaan kali ini saya akan membuat program divide and conquer dan saya logika dar program yang saya buat. Disini saya menggunakan bahasa C++. Berikut adalah logikanya.
#include<stdio.h>
Dalam c++ jika kita menginginkan penggunaan input dan output, atau bisa diartikan sebagai standard library yang berfungsi untuk I/O  package maksudnya digunakan jika kita ingin pada program kita menggunakan fungsi standard input atau output bisa dikatakan seperti portable input/output package. Tanpa menggunakan library ini, kita tidak bisa menggunakan perintah-perintah input/output pada program kita.
#include<conio.h>
Pernyataan conio.h adalah library pada C yang digunakan untuk mengkoneksikan pernyataan clrscr() dengan program yang kita buat. Tanpa menggunakan library ini, kita tidak bisa menggunakan fungsi prototype seperti: gotoxy(), clrscr(), clreol(). Dan juga file header ini berfungsi untuk menampilkan hasil antarmuka kepada pengguna.
int a[100];
Fungsi diatas untuk mendeklarasikan a sebagai integer dan berbentuk aray.
int max,min;
Fungsi diatas untuk mendeklarasikan max, min sebagai  integer.
void maxmin(int i, int j)
Fungsi diatas adalah untuk melakukan perhitungan maxmin dengan variable utamanya i dengan tipe data integer dan j dengan tipe datanya integer. Void karena fungsi tersebut tidak mengembalikan suatu nilai keluaran yang didapat dari hasil proses fungsi tersebut.
int max1,min1,mid;
Fungsi diatas mempunyai ukuran nilai bilangan bulat (integer).
if(i==j) {
Fungsi diatas adalah untuk melakukan kondisi percabangan dalam suatu program.



max=min=a[i]; }
else if(i==j-1) {

Fungsi diatas adalah kondisi kedua (alternative) sebuah percabangan dalam suatu program, pernyataan ini akan dieksekusi jika kondisi dalam pernyataan utama tidak terpenuhi.
if(a[i] > a[j]) {
Fungsi diatas jika variable i lebih besar dari variable j maka lakukan perintah selanjutnya.
max=a[i];
min=a[j];}}

Fungsi diatas berfungsi untuk mengeksekusi nilai i akan masuk sebagai max dan j sebagai min.
else {max=a[j];
min = a[j]; }}
else {mid = (i+j)/2;
maxmin(i,mid);
max1 = max;
min1 = min;
maxmin(mid+1,j);
if(max < max1)
max = max1;
if(min > min1)
min = min1;

Fungsi diatas apabila perintah yang sebelumnya tidak terpenuhi maka lakukan perintah diatas. jika kondisi yang sebelumnya sudah terpenuhi maka perintah yang diatas tidak di jalankan.
int main(){
Fungsi diatas merupakan badan dari program.
int i,num;
printf("\n\t\t\tMaximum Dengan Minimum\n\n");

Fungsi diatas untuk mendeklarasikan i dan num sebagai integer. Dan pernyataan printf di atas digunakan untuk mencetak tulisan yang ada diantara tanda kutip , yaitu Maximum dan Minimum. Pernyataan \n digunakan untuk memberikan jeda (enter) pada saat program dieksekusi, sedangkan pernyataan \t digunakan agar tulisan utama yang
dicetak menjorok kedalam (tab) pada saat dieksekusi.
printf("Masukan Banyak Angka: ");
Fungsi diatas untuk mencetak kalimat yang berada di dalam tanda kutip, lalu kita akan mulai menginputkan angka.
scanf("%i", &num);
Fungsi diatas scanf digunakan untuk menyimpan angka yang kita input ketika program dieksekusi. Disini terdapat %i yang mengartikan data inputan akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk integer decimal , dan &num mengartikan data inputan akan disimpan sementara pada variable num.
printf("\nMasukan Angka-Angkanya: \n");
Fungsi diatas adalah untuk mencetak kalimat yang berada dalam tanda kutip, \n adalah untuk memberikan jeda ke perintah selanjutnya. Lalu kita inputkan data sesuai dengan banyaknya jumlah data yang tadi kita input.
for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
scanf("%i", &a[i]); }

Fungsi for di atas digunakan sebagai kondisi perulangan pada program, program akan mengeksekusi dimulai dari 0 hingga terpenuhi kondisi i<num , dan variable i akan terus bertambah 1 jika terpenuhi kondisi i<num. Hasil dari eksekusi perulangan di atass akan tersimpan kedalam baris pernyataan scanf(“%i”,&a[ i ]).

printf("\nAngka-Angkanya adalah: \n");
Fungsi diatas akan mencetak kalimat yang berada di dalam tanda kutip pada layar.
for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
printf("%i", a[i]);}

program akan mengeksekusi dimulai dari 0 hingga terpenuhi kondisi i<num , dan variable i akan terus bertambah 1 jika terpenuhi kondisi i<num. lalu akan mencetak hasil dari pernyataan ("%i", a[i])
max = a[0];
min = a[0];
maxmin(0,num-1);

Fungsi diatas nilai max dan min diisi nilai array indeks 0. Perintah maxmin(0,num-1) adalah untuk menjalankan perintah diatas.

printf("\n\nMaksimum Angka: %i\n", max);
Fungsi diatas untuk mencetak kalimat yang berada di dalam tanda kutip, yang dimana angka tersebut dalam bentuk integer decimal, lalu akan muncul nilai yang maksimum dari data yang kita inputkan.
printf("Minimum Angka: %i", min);
Fungsi diatas untuk mencetak kalimat yang berada di dalam tanda kutip, yang dimana angka tersebut dalam bentuk integer decimal, lalu akan muncul nilai yang minimum dari data yang kita inputkan.
getch();
Fungsi diatas getch() untuk membaca sebuah karakter dengan sifat karakter yang dimasukkan tidak perlu diakhiri dengan menekan tombol enter, dan karakter yang dimasukan tidak akan ditampilkan di layar.
return 0;

Fungsi diatas angka 0 ini akan dikembalikan kepada sistem operasi. Nilai ini digunakan oleh sistem operasi untuk disimpan dimana 0 artinya ‘sukses’.


Output


It's possible to trade profitably on the Forex, the nearly $2 trillion worldwide currency exchange market. But the odds are against you, even more so if you don't prepare and plan your trades. According to a 2014 Bloomberg report, several analyses of retail Forex trading, including one by the National Futures Association (NFA), the industry's regulatory body, concluded that more than two out of three Forex traders lose money. This suggests that self-education and caution are recommended. Here are some approaches that may improve your odds of taking a profit. Prepare Before You Begin Trading Because the Forex market is highly leveraged -- as much as 50 to 1 -- it can have the same appeal as buying a lottery ticket: some small chance of making a killing. This, however, isn't trading; it's gambling, with the odds long against you. A better way of entering the Forex market is to carefully prepare. Beginning with a practice account is helpful and risk-free. While you're trading in your practice account, read the most frequently recommended Forex trading books, among them Currency Forecasting: A Guide to Fundamental and Technical Models of Exchange Rate Determination, by Michael R. Rosenberg is short, not too sweet and highly admired introduction to the Forex market. Forex Strategies: Best Forex Strategies for High Profits and Reduced Risk, by Matthew Maybury is an excellent introduction to Forex trading. The Little Book of Currency Trading: How to Make Big Profits in the World of Forex, by Kathy Lien is another concise introduction that has stood the test of time. All three are available on Amazon. Rosenberg's book, unfortunately, is pricey, but it's widely available in public libraries. "Trading in the Zone: Master the Market with Confidence, Discipline and a Winning Attitude," by Mark Douglas is another good book that's available on Amazon, and, again, somewhat pricey, although the Kindle edition is not. Use the information gained from your reading to plan your trades before plunging in. The more you change your plan, the more you end up in trouble and the less likely that elusive forex profit will end up in your pocket. Diversify and Limit Your Risks Two strategies that belong in every trader's arsenal are: Diversification: Traders who execute many small traders, particularly in different markets where the correlation between markets is low, have a better chance of making a profit. Putting all your money in one big trade is always a bad idea. Familiarize yourself with ways guaranteeing a profit on an already profitable order, such as a trailing stop, and of limiting losses using stop and limit orders. These strategies and more are covered in the recommended books. Novice traders often make the mistake of concentrating on how to win; it's even more important to understand how to limit your losses. Be Patient Forex traders, particularly beginners, are prone to getting nervous if a trade does not go their way immediately, or if the trade goes into a little profit they get itchy to pull the plug and walk away with a small profit that could have been a significant profit with little downside risk using appropriate risk reduction strategies. In "On Any Given Sunday," Al Pacino reminds us that "football is a game of inches." That's a winning attitude in the Forex market as well. Remember that you are going to win some trades and lose others. Take satisfaction in the accumulation of a few more wins than losses. Over time, that could make you rich!
No car insurance resource would be complete without a comprehensive glossary of car insurance terms. We've compiled a list of terms and their definitions to better help you navigate the sometimes confusing world of insurance Accident - This is an unexpected sudden event that causes property damage to an automobile or bodily injury to a person. The event may be an at-fault or not-at fault and it may be report or unreported. An accident involving two vehicles may be termed a collision. Accident report form - This is the report filed by police, often called the police report, containing the important information regarding the vehicle collision. This report will include the names of all individuals involved, vehicles involved, property damaged and citations that were issued. Adjuster - This is the person who will evaluate the actual loss reported on the policy after an accident or other incident. They will make the determination on how much will be paid on the auto insurance policy by the Insurer. Agent - This is a licensed and trained individual who is authorized to sell and to service insurance policies for the auto insurance company. At Fault - This is the amount that you, the policy holder, contributed or caused the auto collision. This determines which insurance agency pays which portion of the losses. Auto Insurance Score - This is a score similar to credit score that evaluates the information in your consumer credit report. These scores are used when determining pricing for your auto insurance policy. Negative marks on your credit report can increase your auto insurance premiums. The use of this information to determine policy pricing does vary from state to state. Automobile Insurance - This is a type of insurance policy that covers and protect against losses involving automobiles. Auto Insurance policies include a wide range of coverage's depending on the policy holders needs. Liability for property damage and bodily injury, uninsured motorist, medical payments, comprehensive, and collision are some of the common coverage's offered under an auto insurance policy. Binder - This is a temporary short-term policy agreement put in place while a formal permanent policy is put into place or delivered. Bodily Injury Liability - This is the section of an insurance policy that covers the cost to anyone you may injure. It can include lost wages and medical expenses. Broker - This is a licensed individual who on your behalf sells and services various insurance policies. Claim - This is a formal notice made to your insurance company that a loss has occurred which may be covered under the terms of the auto insurance policy. Claims Adjuster - This person employed by the insurance agency will investigate and settle all claims and losses. A representative for the insurance agency to verify and ensure all parties involved with the loss, get compensated fairly and correctly. Collision - The portion of the insurance policy that covers damage to your vehicle from hitting another object. Objects can include but are not limited to; another vehicle, a building, curbs, guard rail, tree, telephone pole or fence. A deductible will apply. Your insurance company will go after the other parties insurance policy for these cost should they be at fault. Commission - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that is paid to the insurance agent for selling and servicing the policy on behalf of the company. Comprehensive - This is a portion of the insurance policy that covers loss caused by anything other than a collision or running into another object. A deductible will apply. This includes but is not limited to vandalism, storm damage, fire, theft, etc. Covered loss - This is the damage to yourself, other people or property or your vehicle that is covered under the auto insurance policy. Declarations Page - This is the part of the insurance policy that includes the entire legal name of your insurance company, your full legal name, complete car information including vehicle identification numbers or VIN, policy information, policy number, deductible amounts. This page is usually the front page of the insurance policy. Deductible Amount - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that is the amount the policy holder must pay up front before the Insurance Company contributes and is required to pay any benefits. This amount can be within a wide range in price and varies from approximately $100 - $1000. The larger amount you pay in a deductible the lower your normal monthly/yearly policy will cost. This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that would be applicable only to comprehensive or collision coverage. Discount - This is a reduction in the overall cost of your insurance policy. Deductions can be given for a variety of different reasons including a good driving record, grades, age, marital status, specific features and safety equipment on the automobile. Emergency Road Service - This is the part of an auto insurance policy that covers the cost of emergency services such as flat tires, keys locked in the car and towing services. Endorsement - This is any written change that is made to the auto insurance policy that is adding or removing coverage on the policy. Exclusion - This is the portion of the auto Insurance policy that includes any provision including people, places or things that are not covered under the insurance policy. First Party - This is the policyholder, the insured in an insurance policy. Gap Insurance - This is a type of auto insurance provided to people who lease or own a vehicle that is worth less than the amount of the loan. Gap auto Insurance will cover the amount between the actual cash value of the vehicle and the amount left on loan should the care be stolen or destroyed. High-Risk Driver - If you have a variety of negative marks on your insurance record including driving under the Influences, several traffic violations, etc. you may be labeled as a risk to the insurance company. This will increase your insurance policy or may make you ineligible for coverage. Insured - The policyholder (s) who are covered by the policy benefits in case of a loss or accident. Insurer - Is the Auto Insurance company who promises to pay the policy holder in case of loss or accident. Liability insurance - This part of an auto insurance policy which legally covers the damage and injuries you cause to other drivers and their vehicles when you are at fault in an accident. If you are sued and taken to court, liability coverage will apply to your legal costs that you incur. Most states will require drivers to carry some variation of liability coverage Insurance and this amount will vary state by state. Limits - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that explains and lists the monetary limits the insurance company will pay out. In the situation you reach these limits the policy holder will be responsible for all other expenses. Medical Payments Coverage - This is the portion of an auto insurance policy that pays for medical expenses and lost wages to you and any passengers in your vehicle after an accident. It is also known as personal injury protection or PIP. Motor Vehicle Report - The motor vehicle report or MVR is a record issued by the state in which the policy holder resides in that will list the licensing status, any traffic violations, various suspensions and./ or refractions on your record. This is one of the tools used in determining the premium prices offered by the insurance agency. This is also used to determine the probability of you having a claim during your policy period. No-Fault Insurance - If you reside within a state with no-fault insurance laws and regulations, your auto insurance policy pays for your injuries no matter who caused the accident. No-fault insurance states include; Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Utah and Washington, DC.. Non-Renewal - This is the termination of an auto insurance policy on the given expiration date. All coverage will cease as of this date and insurer will be released of promised coverage. Personal Property Liability - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that covers any damage or loss you cause to another person's personal property. Personal Injury Protection or PIP - This portion of an auto insurance policy pays for any lost wages or medical expenses to you and any passengers in your vehicle following an accident. PIP is also known as medical payments coverage. Premium - This is the amount charged to you monthly, yearly or any other duration agreed upon by insurance company and policy holder and paid directly to the auto insurance company. A premium is based on the type and amount of coverage you choose for your vehicle(s) and yourself. Other factors that will affect your insurance premium prices include your age, marital status, you're driving and credit report, the type of car you drive and whether you live in an urban or rural area. Premiums vary by insurance company and the location you live. Quotation - This is the amount or estimated amount the insurance will cost based on the information provided to the agent, broker or auto insurance company. Rescission.- This is the cancellation of the insurance policy dated back to its effective date. This would result in the full premium that was charged being returned. Rental Reimbursement - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that covers the cost of an automobile rental of similar size should the covered vehicle be in repair from a reported incident. Replacement Cost - This is the amount of money it would cost to replace a lost or damaged item at it is actually new replacement value. This monetary amount would be based on a new identical item in the current local market. Salvage - This is the auto insurance policy holders property that is turned over tot eh insurance agency in a loss final settlement. Insurance companies will sell the salvage property in hopes to recoup some of its monetary loss due to the loss and settlement. Second Party - this is the actual insurance company in the auto insurance policy. Surcharge - This is the amount added to your auto insurance policy premium after a traffic violation or an accident in which you were found to be at fault. Third Party - This is another person other than the policy holder and auto insurance company who has faced a loss and may be able to collect and be compensated on behalf of the policy holder's negligence. Total Loss - This is complete destruction to the insured property of a policy holder. It has been determined that it would be a great sum of money to repair the item rather than replace the insured piece of property to its state prior to the loss. Towing Coverage - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy that covers a specified amount for towing services and related labor costs. Under insured Driver - This is the portion of an auto insurance policy which covers injuries to you caused by a driver without enough insurance to pay for the medical expenses you have incurred from the accident. This is portion of the policy can vary state by state as some states include damage to the car in this section. Uninsured Driver or Motorist - This is the portion of the auto insurance policy which covers injuries to you caused by a driver who was without liability insurance at the time of the accident. Uninsured driver or motorist coverage comes in two different sections; uninsured motorist bodily injury and uninsured motorist property damage. Uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage covers the injuries to you or any passenger in your vehicle when there is an accident with an uninsured driver. Uninsured motorist property damage coverage covers the cost for the property damage to your vehicle when there is an accident with an identified uninsured driver. Uninsured driver or motorist coverage must be offered when you purchase the required liability coverage for your vehicle. You must sign a declination waiver if you decline Uninsured driver or motorist coverage. The majority of states require drivers to carry some form of uninsured motorist coverage. Some states include damages to your car in this coverage. Vehicle Identification Number or VIN - A VIN is a 17 letter and number combination that is the identification of the specific vehicle. It will identify the make, modem and year of the automobile. This number is typically located on the driver's side window on the dash. It can also be found on the vehicles registration and title